The matter was idle to spoil, but the sea Rui wants to take into to change.There was an imperial censor to by chance recruit an entertainer to play a field drama, the sea Rui wanted to press to be clearly too the Zu settle next of the rules is malicious to beat him a bottom, make the officials frightened and uneasy, complain of hard lot Die not, certainly earnestly wish sea Rui to come off stage earlier.
Speak objectively, though the sea Rui has good subjective wishes, his measure and construction but usually not realistic.Under the circumstance that almost have no officer don't be greedy for, if really need to carry out clearly too Zu of law, probably few qualificationses of not enough place hangings to someone, peel of executioner afraid of meeting supply falls short of demand.If being like the mistake of that imperial censor must also suffer beating, the of the officer Be getting tooer many, the Nanking brocade dress Wei has to consumedly increase manpower.Because beat according to the system of Ming Dynasty so positive officials of seven articles, must hold a formal rites, is used Xing in front of the Nanking noon by the brocade dress Wei, from the fielding eunuch Jian Xing.Just virtuous year of for beating imperial censor Li Xi's 30 times bottom, the brocade dress Wei chose soldier to practice first for several days.The food for powder probably did too tunnel and almost killed him.Cancel everywhere although the entertainment of courier station economized budget and also made corrupt official without an opportunity to wipe public oil, the officials person of normal contacts' waiting to include to be like he or she's similar honest official affirmation of sea Rui will have very great inconvenience.《The sea Rui spreads 》 says his"the idea is mainer than benefit people, but the behaviour could not don't be partial to", is male evaluation for granting.
But the tragedy of sea Rui mainly not just lies in his to be partial to arouse, to this, the author of《clear history 》 didn't involve, later scholar's seeming don't also notice.Sea Rui why will such a honest official be thus and greatly boycotted and stand alone?The Long celebrates the head of in year head that assists Gao Gong, ten thousand year of Li beginnings assist Zhang Ju Ya Zheng Zheng Qi Qi De and henceforth of ruler, the all dark underneath makes an effort to obstruct emperor heavy use sea of Rui.The Li of Ming Dynasty why cure so corrupt don't be greedy for without the officer by going to of situation, did the sea Rui become rare and precious things?Always can not say, the private person of China arrived Ming dynasties to all grow worse, or the Ming Dynasty is by all means the darkest feudalistic society of ages.The Qie thinks to examine the salary system of Ming Dynasty officialdom.
The Ming Dynasty founds a nation emperor Zhu Yuan Zhang Be from destitute, consequently to the common people's sufferance memory is still new.He after being emperor, on the other hand for the sake of stroke taking bribes and bending the law of officialdom, on the other hand also for setting up own absolute authority, cured to adopt to the Cheng of corrupt official unique of harsh means.He stipulates that the officialdom is greedy for a Zang sum full 62 of all decapitation exhibit to the public and also want to peel off the skin, in the center fill grass and make into a skin bag.He the earth god's temple of mansion, state and county left side in the Ya door is to shell the place of person's skin and be called skin field temple.Again at authorities Mr. two sides of Be each to pin up a skin bag, make to transact of the officials are anxious, don't dare to go against the law again at any time.He still the adoption pick to break feet Jin, chop finger, chop down feet, break a hand, hook bowel and mow tortures like genitals,etc.Sometimes still let the officialdom of making corruption take Xing subsequence to work continuously, act as a reverse side teacher.He still often cheerful big case, such as Hong force 18 year door department vice minister Guo Heng graft a case and embroil be killed of have more than ten thousand persons.
Zhu Yuan Zhang again chases the Tai Lu of officialdom settle surprising low, such as Hong the force make sure for 25 years of the year wage of text martial official hierarchy, tallest of positive article only have 1,044 stones(rice, the part folds into money to pay), lowestly from nine articles is 60 stones, out of the run of is 36 stones.For example the long cloth government of the one province make from two articles and know that the mansion is positive four articleses, know that the county is positive seven articleses, the year wage are respectively 576 stones, 288 stones and 90 stones.From four articles, the Imperial Academy fiesta wine of president in the equal to and national tallest university's year wage is 252 stones.Remarkable BE, press conventionally, guerdon and part of the officials' parts of staffs, attendant transact a fee to want the expenditure is in the wage in year of, so the officials depend on normal salary to lead comfortable life, the low class officials connect more to support family to live to all have a difficulty.Compare under, emperor's son's sealing for the prince year after next a wage contain 10,000 stones, is about 7 times that of the tallest officials, also don't include other various bestow.
The officials' normal income is too low, so though Zhu Yuan Zhang Cheng cures of the measure is very scathing, the corruption still often forbids not and extremely, however compare with Ming Dynasty later circumstance, the then Li's curing is after all more honest.But after this founds a nation emperor to die, successor since not have authority like this to carry out thus scathing law, also have no interest to deal with a more and more universal corruption phenomenon.And have a little bit the emperor of conduct and actions to know perfectly well the corrupt practice of low salary, but can not change the system of "too Zu Gao emperor" again.The emperor that faints Yong indulges in extravagance to seek pleasant by himself/herself, in addition to the normal expenditure of imperial government, also usually want big ministers to contribute, the nature can't take care of from where their money come.
After year of Ming Dynasty beginning, the size officialdom corruption becomes common practice, almost no man not at salary outside try to make money, real of honest official equal Jie according to.Allow more Nanking right for sea Rui's last two years all the year wage of imperial censor is 732 stones, high pay that the senior officer wins the third, but a nice bit of inferiority will be paid salary by him, canning affirm him can't let the inferiority do "three produce" to make money, while he even has no sons and daughters by himself, living and thus economy, clay-cold have no savings, it is thus clear that the officials depend normal income to maintain living.Obviously want to let the general officials like this and strictly obey original for the not reasonable salary system, unreasonable, and is completely impossible.So disloyal minister corrupt official naturally naturally, is some persons that there is influence in the history, also can not help widely for gather Lian.Is clear end persistence the anti- is pure, unyielding, finally the Ju type for dying a martyr's death in Guilin Si, often familiar at home town but is an inferior Shen for taking bribes and bending the law.After pure soldier captures a Nanking, Chiang-Nan celebrity, east leader wood, Qian Qian Yi, leads a text the officer surrender, for meaning own incorrupt, commanded many duos to send the thinnest gift to the pure soldier, also have include the pot of Liu gold, silver pot and jade cup and curio etc. at inside of 20 kind;Other big gifts of ministers are mostly worth of 100002 above.Powerful ministers and eunuch of Ming Dynasty persecute in common use means of rival or clear stream be plant to the other party"be greedy for Zang" "take bribe" of criminal charges, this surely proceeds from Wu to sink, he also explained to be like sea Rui at that time the officer like this was really too little, the clear streams to also can not help following custom, say they grafted again easily however.
But at nominally, too Zu Gao emperor certainly descends of the law have never changed, at most can slightly make some corrections.Such as put forward for someone for orthodox tradition five years(1440):The Hong commodity price cheapness of Wu Nian Jian, so settle next abuse law full 120 Guanses of Zangs absolution the hanging exile;The commodity price is getting more expensive now, again press such of the standard weighed too much and suggested to change to more than 800 Guans,beats by dre uk.While arriving sea Rui again have more than 100 years, but don't hear standard again raise.Seem isn't a commodity price don't soar, but these laws have already become an empty text, the modification didn't modify doesn't matter.Hai Rui suggests to resume clearly too the strict Xing of Zu, peel to the corrupt official, not only"the argument thinks not" is an emperor also feel that the cent is too;Explain the method doesn't punish many, arrived everyone to make the salary regarding as the normal source of money outside of income, is Zhu Yuan Zhang's rebirth just also can the Tu call helpless.Sea Rui wants to be greedy for with the strict Xing Su, but doesn't put forward the aggressive way of getting rid of the corruption, in addition to inviting more grudges, necessarily is also not help matters.Certainly, at feudalism centralization system the bottom want to by the root get rid of to take bribes and bend the law to is impossible, but adopt practical viable measure decrease to graft not unimaginable, Manchu Dynasty Yong the way of doing of the positive emperor has obvious effect.
The Manchu Dynasty after going into the pass basically inheritted the system of Ming Dynasty, the salary of officialdom also settled very lowly.Not only such, because the military operation is multifarious, the national expenditure Hao is heavy, the imperial government still continuously wants the officials"donate Tai" and"reduce Tai", the place saves to stay of public expense also all and up hand over the upper grade section to still get down class to assign duties by various name, even simple and direct want an underneath to"try" to go to all levels administration of organization even transact fees all have no.But the officials not ability however fleshpots, the Ya door musts transact, either, hence all levels officials and Ya doors all develop source of money in succession, on the other hand cutting and staying originally should pay of farm tax and excise tax income, on the other hand loot to the common people for the by all manners, include in the normal farm tax and excise tax limit outside the exaltation and add and advertise for various local surcharge, "consuming Xian" is main kind.So-called"consume Xian"(or
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